8 Surprising Health Benefits of Cloves You Need to Know

Cloves are much more than just a flavorful spice used in baking and cooking. These small, aromatic flower buds pack a powerful punch when it comes to health benefits. From their high antioxidant content to their potential role in blood sugar regulation, cloves have been valued in both culinary and medicinal practices for centuries.

Cloves are the flower buds of the clove tree, scientifically known as Syzygium aromaticum, an evergreen native to Indonesia. Available in both whole and ground forms, this versatile spice can enhance everything from pot roasts and hot beverages to cookies, cakes, and traditional Indian dishes.

While you may recognize cloves as a key ingredient in gingerbread or chai tea, research suggests that the compounds found in cloves offer numerous health benefits that extend far beyond the kitchen. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore eight surprising health benefits of cloves and how you can safely incorporate them into your daily routine.

1. Rich in Essential Nutrients

Despite their small size, cloves contain an impressive array of nutrients. When you add cloves to your food, you’re not just enhancing flavor—you’re also boosting your nutrient intake.

One teaspoon (approximately 2 grams) of ground cloves provides:

• Calories: 6
• Carbohydrates: 1 gram
• Fiber: 1 gram
• Manganese: 55% of the Daily Value
• Vitamin K: 2% of the Daily Value

The standout nutrient in cloves is manganese, an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in maintaining brain function and building strong bones. Manganese also supports enzyme function, nutrient metabolism, and wound healing.

While cloves are typically used in small amounts and don’t provide significant quantities of most nutrients, their exceptionally high manganese content makes them a valuable dietary addition.

2. Loaded with Antioxidants

One of the most impressive health benefits of cloves is their exceptionally high antioxidant content. Antioxidants are compounds that help combat oxidative stress in your body, which occurs when there’s an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants.

Oxidative stress has been linked to the development of chronic diseases including heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. By including antioxidant-rich foods like cloves in your diet, you can help protect your cells from damage.

Cloves contain a powerful compound called eugenol, which acts as a natural antioxidant. Studies have shown that eugenol is particularly effective at stopping oxidative damage caused by free radicals. In fact, research indicates that eugenol is five times more effective at stopping oxidative damage than vitamin E, another potent antioxidant.

Including cloves in your diet alongside other antioxidant-rich foods such as berries, leafy greens, and nuts can significantly contribute to your overall health and disease prevention efforts.

3. May Support Liver Health

Your liver is essential for detoxifying your body and metabolizing medications. Emerging research suggests that cloves, particularly the compound eugenol, may help support liver function and protect against liver damage.

Animal studies have demonstrated promising results. One study found that clove extract helped improve liver damage caused by toxic substances. The eugenol in cloves appears to reduce signs of liver cirrhosis and fatty liver disease while improving overall liver function.

However, it’s important to note that while small amounts of cloves may be beneficial for liver health, excessive consumption can actually have the opposite effect. High doses of clove oil have been associated with liver damage, particularly in children. Always use cloves in moderation and avoid consuming concentrated clove oil internally without medical supervision.

More research on humans is needed to fully understand how cloves affect liver health and to determine optimal dosing.

4. May Help Protect Against Cancer

Some research indicates that the compounds found in cloves may have anticancer properties, though much of this research is still in early stages.

The compound eugenol has shown particularly promising anticancer effects in laboratory studies. Test-tube research suggests that eugenol can promote cell death in cancer cells, particularly in breast cancer cells. Other studies have found that concentrated clove extract helped stop the growth of tumors and promoted cell death in cancer cells.

Another compound found in cloves called beta-caryophyllene has also demonstrated anti-tumor properties in preliminary research.

While these findings are encouraging, it’s crucial to understand that most of this research has been conducted in test tubes or on animals. The anticancer effects of cloves in humans have not been thoroughly studied. Additionally, eugenol is toxic in large amounts, and overdosing on clove oil can cause serious side effects, including liver damage.

More human research is needed before cloves can be recommended as a cancer treatment or prevention strategy. Never use cloves as a replacement for conventional cancer treatment without consulting your healthcare provider.

5. Can Kill Harmful Bacteria

Cloves have been shown to possess powerful antimicrobial properties, meaning they can help stop the growth of harmful microorganisms including bacteria.

Laboratory studies have demonstrated that clove essential oil is effective at killing common bacteria such as E. coli, which can cause food poisoning and other intestinal issues. The antibacterial properties of cloves appear to be especially effective against certain strains of bacteria that have become resistant to antibiotics.

Benefits for Oral Health

The antibacterial effects of cloves extend to oral health as well. Research suggests that the compounds in cloves may help combat oral bacteria that contribute to gum disease, tooth decay, and bad breath.

In one study, a mouth rinse containing clove, basil, and tea tree oil was found to help fight plaque and bacteria in the mouth. When combined with regular brushing and proper oral hygiene, cloves may support better oral health.

Historically, clove oil has been used to relieve toothaches. However, it’s important to apply clove products carefully to avoid gum irritation. If you’re experiencing dental pain, consult your dentist rather than relying solely on home remedies.

6. May Help Regulate Blood Sugar Levels

If you’re concerned about blood sugar management, cloves might offer some benefits. Research suggests that the compounds in cloves may help keep blood glucose levels under control.

In one human study, people with prediabetes who took clove extract daily for 30 days showed significantly lower blood glucose levels after meals compared to those who didn’t take the supplement. This suggests that cloves may help improve insulin function and glucose tolerance.

Animal studies have provided additional insights into how cloves affect blood sugar. Research has found that nigricin, a compound found in cloves, may increase the uptake of sugar from the blood into cells, enhance insulin secretion, and improve the function of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.

Another animal study showed that clove extract helped moderate blood sugar increases in diabetic mice, demonstrating potential for blood sugar management.

While these findings are promising, it’s important to note that cloves should not replace medical treatment for diabetes. If you have diabetes or prediabetes, work with your healthcare provider to develop an appropriate treatment plan. Cloves may be used as part of a balanced diet to support healthy blood sugar levels, but more human research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.

7. May Promote Bone Health

Maintaining strong, healthy bones becomes increasingly important as we age. Low bone mass affects millions of Americans and can lead to osteoporosis, a condition that increases the risk of fractures and breaks.

Cloves contain compounds that may help improve bone health. Animal research suggests that the eugenol in cloves may help increase bone density and strength. Studies have shown that clove extract preserved bone mass, increased bone strength, and improved several markers of osteoporosis in animal models.

Additionally, cloves are rich in manganese, providing 55% of the daily value in just one teaspoon. Manganese is essential for bone formation and plays a critical role in bone health. Manganese deficiency has been linked to increased risk of bone disease and impaired bone growth.

While animal studies show promise, human research is needed to determine whether cloves can effectively support bone health in people. However, ensuring adequate manganese intake through foods like cloves may be one component of a bone-healthy diet.

8. May Reduce Stomach Ulcers

Stomach ulcers, also known as peptic ulcers, are painful sores that develop in the lining of the stomach, duodenum, or esophagus. They can cause significant discomfort and lead to complications if left untreated.

Animal research indicates that cloves may help protect against stomach ulcers. Studies have shown that the essential oils from cloves increase the production of gastric mucus, which acts as a barrier and helps prevent erosion of the stomach lining from digestive acids.

The compound eugenol has been specifically studied for its anti-ulcer effects. In animal models, eugenol helped treat stomach ulcers and showed effects similar to several anti-ulcer medications.

Additionally, test-tube research suggests that clove oil may be effective against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a type of bacteria that can cause stomach ulcers and even increase the risk of stomach cancer.

While these findings are encouraging, the anti-ulcer effects of cloves and their compounds need to be further studied in humans. If you have stomach ulcers or suspect you might, consult your healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment rather than relying on home remedies alone.

Potential Side Effects and Safety Concerns

While cloves offer numerous health benefits, it’s important to understand potential side effects and use them safely.

Eating Cloves

Consuming small amounts of cloves as a spice in food is generally safe for most people. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified clove buds and clove oil as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) when used as food additives in appropriate amounts.

However, there isn’t enough research on the effects of consuming large amounts of cloves, particularly for pregnant or nursing women. It’s best to stick to culinary amounts used in recipes rather than taking large doses of clove supplements without medical guidance.

Clove Oil Ingestion

While both whole cloves and clove oil contain eugenol, the compound is present in much higher concentrations in clove oil. For this reason, ingesting clove oil can be dangerous and is not recommended, especially for children.

Even small amounts of clove oil taken internally can cause severe side effects including:

• Seizures
• Liver damage
• Fluid imbalances
• Respiratory problems
• Burning sensation in the mouth and throat

Clove oil can also increase the risk of bleeding in people with bleeding disorders or those undergoing surgery.

Topical Application

Clove oil or cream containing clove extract is generally safe for topical application on the skin when properly diluted. However, applying undiluted clove oil directly to the gums or inside the mouth can cause irritation, tissue damage, and sensitivity.

Always dilute clove oil with a carrier oil (such as coconut oil or olive oil) before applying it to the skin, and perform a patch test first to check for allergic reactions.

Drug Interactions

If you’re taking medications to manage blood clotting (anticoagulants) or blood sugar levels, be cautious with clove consumption. The eugenol in cloves may interfere with these medications, potentially increasing the risk of bleeding or affecting blood sugar control.

Always consult your healthcare provider before using clove supplements if you’re taking any medications.

How to Use Cloves Safely and Effectively

There are several safe ways to incorporate cloves into your health routine.

Using Clove Oil

If you choose to use clove essential oil, follow these guidelines from aromatherapy experts:

• For aromatherapy (spray or diffuser): Mix 10-15 drops of clove oil per ounce of water
• For topical application: Mix 10-15 drops of clove oil into one ounce of carrier oil like coconut, jojoba, or almond oil. Use less if you have sensitive skin
• For dental pain: Dab a cotton ball into the diluted mixture and apply carefully to the affected tooth, avoiding contact with gums

Never apply undiluted clove oil directly to skin or gums, and never ingest clove oil.

Incorporating Cloves into Your Diet

The safest and most effective way to enjoy the health benefits of cloves is to include them as part of a balanced diet. You can easily incorporate ground or whole cloves into various dishes.

Cloves pair wonderfully with:

• Baked goods like gingerbread, spice cakes, and cookies
• Hot beverages such as chai tea, mulled wine, or apple cider
• Savory dishes including curries, stews, and braised meats
• Rice dishes and pilafs
• Roasted vegetables, especially sweet potatoes and squash
• Fruit compotes and chutneys
• Marinades and spice rubs for meat

Clove Tea

One simple way to consume cloves is by making clove tea. Simply simmer 3-4 whole cloves in boiling water for 5-10 minutes to create a soothing, aromatic beverage. You can add honey, lemon, or other spices like cinnamon to enhance the flavor.

Clove tea has traditionally been used to relieve nausea, reduce symptoms of respiratory infections, and provide digestive comfort. While more research is needed to confirm these benefits, clove tea is generally safe to consume in moderation.

Frequently Asked Questions About Cloves

How many cloves can I safely eat per day?

There’s no established daily limit for clove consumption, but moderation is key. Using 1-3 cloves or 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon of ground cloves per day in cooking is generally considered safe for most people. Avoid consuming large amounts or taking concentrated clove supplements without medical supervision.

Can I take clove supplements?

Clove supplements are available, but their safety and effectiveness haven’t been thoroughly studied in humans. If you’re considering clove supplements, consult your healthcare provider first, especially if you’re pregnant, nursing, or taking medications.

Is clove oil safe for children?

Clove oil is not safe for children to ingest and should be kept out of reach. Even small amounts can cause serious side effects. For topical use, clove oil should be heavily diluted and used with caution. Always consult a pediatrician before using clove products on or near children.

Can cloves help with weight loss?

While some claim that cloves can boost metabolism and aid weight loss, there’s limited scientific evidence to support these claims. Any weight loss benefits would likely come from incorporating cloves into an overall healthy diet rather than from the spice itself.

The Bottom Line

Cloves are a remarkable spice that offers both exceptional flavor and potential health benefits. From their impressive antioxidant content and antimicrobial properties to their possible effects on blood sugar regulation and bone health, cloves deserve a place in your kitchen and your diet.

The key to safely enjoying the benefits of cloves is moderation. Use them as a flavorful spice in your cooking, and avoid consuming large amounts or ingesting concentrated clove oil. While research on cloves is promising, many studies have been conducted on animals or in test tubes, so more human research is needed to fully understand their therapeutic potential.

As with any natural remedy, cloves should complement—not replace—medical treatment. If you have a health condition or are taking medications, consult your healthcare provider before using cloves therapeutically.

By incorporating this aromatic spice into a balanced, nutritious diet and healthy lifestyle, you can enjoy both the culinary delights and potential health benefits that cloves have to offer.

Sources:

• PubMed Central – Bioactive Compounds in Cloves
• USDA FoodData Central – Nutritional Information
• NIH Office of Dietary Supplements – Manganese
• PubMed Central – Eugenol and Liver Health
• PubMed – Clove Oil Safety and Toxicity
• PubMed Central – Cloves and Blood Sugar Regulation
• PubMed Central – Anticancer Properties of Eugenol
• FDA – GRAS Substances Database
• National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy
• PubMed Central – Traditional Uses of Cloves