5 Science-Backed Benefits and Uses of Frankincense Essential Oil — and 6 Myths

Frankincense, a fragrant resin with a rich history in traditional medicine, has gained significant attention in modern wellness circles. Extracted from the Boswellia tree, this ancient remedy contains powerful compounds like boswellic acid that may offer remarkable health benefits. However, not all claims about frankincense are supported by scientific evidence.

Also known as olibanum, frankincense comes from the resin of Boswellia trees that grow in the dry, mountainous regions of India, Africa, and the Middle East. With its distinctive woody, spicy aroma, frankincense can be inhaled through aromatherapy, absorbed through the skin, or taken as a dietary supplement.

This comprehensive guide explores five scientifically-backed benefits of frankincense, addresses six common myths, and provides essential information about safe usage, dosage, and potential side effects.

Understanding Frankincense and Boswellic Acid

Before diving into the specific benefits, it’s important to understand what makes frankincense potentially therapeutic. The key active compounds in frankincense are terpenes, particularly boswellic acids, which possess strong anti-inflammatory properties.

These compounds work by preventing the release of leukotrienes, substances in the body that can trigger inflammation. This anti-inflammatory mechanism underlies many of frankincense’s potential health benefits.

1. Frankincense May Help Reduce Arthritis Symptoms

One of the most promising applications of frankincense is in managing arthritis symptoms. Research suggests that the boswellic acids in frankincense can help reduce joint inflammation and pain associated with both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Frankincense for Osteoarthritis

Studies on osteoarthritis have shown encouraging results. Research indicates that both oral and topical applications of boswellic acid may reduce cartilage loss and joint lining inflammation. In animal studies, frankincense extract demonstrated the ability to protect joint structures from degenerative damage.

Human studies have also been promising. Clinical trials have found that frankincense supplements can reduce osteoarthritis pain and improve mobility more effectively than placebo treatments. In one study, participants taking approximately 169 milligrams of Boswellia extract twice daily for 120 days experienced reduced inflammation, joint pain, and stiffness in mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis without serious side effects.

Topical applications have also shown benefits. Research on oliban oil (another name for frankincense) found that applying it to the skin for 6 weeks reduced osteoarthritis pain, though improvements in daily activities were less significant.

Combination Therapies

Frankincense may be even more effective when combined with other natural supplements. Studies have found that combining boswellic acid with curcumin (from turmeric) or methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) produced better pain relief and functional improvement than using these supplements alone or standard supplements like glucosamine sulfate.

Frankincense for Rheumatoid Arthritis

While research on rheumatoid arthritis is more limited, animal studies have shown that Boswellia extract can reduce inflammation associated with this autoimmune condition. However, it may not be as effective as conventional treatments, and more human research is needed.

2. Frankincense May Improve Gut Function and Digestive Health

The anti-inflammatory properties of frankincense extend to the digestive system, where it may help manage various gut-related conditions.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Research has demonstrated that frankincense, either alone or in combination with other herbal medicines, can reduce abdominal pain, bloating, and even associated depression and anxiety in people with IBS. Studies have shown that taking 250 mg Boswellia tablets daily for 6 months improved symptoms in IBS patients.

Ulcerative Colitis

Frankincense appears particularly effective for ulcerative colitis, a chronic inflammatory bowel condition. Clinical trials have found that Boswellia extract taken daily for 4 weeks improved symptoms in people with mild ulcerative colitis in remission. Animal studies have confirmed these anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in colitis models.

While these results are encouraging, most studies have been relatively small, and larger clinical trials are needed to confirm these benefits and establish optimal treatment protocols.

3. Frankincense May Help Improve Asthma Symptoms

Traditional medicine has utilized frankincense for treating bronchitis and asthma for centuries, and modern research is beginning to validate these uses.

How Frankincense Affects Asthma

Frankincense compounds may prevent the production of leukotrienes, which cause bronchial muscles to constrict during asthma attacks. Additionally, frankincense may affect Th2 cytokines, immune system messengers that can cause inflammation and excessive mucus production in people with asthma.

Clinical Evidence

Small clinical trials have shown promising results. In one study, people who took a daily supplement of 500 mg Boswellia extract in addition to their standard asthma treatment were able to reduce their use of regular asthma medications during the 4-week study period.

Another study found that a combination supplement containing 200 mg of frankincense and bael fruit extract was more effective than placebo at reducing asthma symptoms. Animal studies have also demonstrated that boswellic acid can improve asthma symptoms.

However, it’s crucial to note that frankincense should not replace prescribed asthma medications. Anyone considering frankincense for asthma should consult with their healthcare provider to ensure safe and appropriate use alongside conventional treatments.

4. Frankincense May Help Improve Oral Health

The antibacterial properties of boswellic acids in frankincense may contribute to better oral hygiene and help prevent gum disease.

Fighting Oral Bacteria

Test-tube studies have demonstrated that frankincense extract is effective against bacteria associated with aggressive gum disease, including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. These strong antibacterial properties suggest potential for preventing and treating oral infections.

Practical Applications

A small study examined participants who chewed gum containing frankincense for 5 hours. Saliva samples showed progressively reduced numbers of microbes each hour, suggesting that frankincense could help decrease sources of infection in the mouth.

While these preliminary findings are interesting, more extensive research is needed to determine the most effective ways to use frankincense for oral health and to confirm its long-term benefits for preventing gum disease and maintaining oral hygiene.

5. Frankincense May Have Anticancer Properties

Perhaps one of the most exciting areas of frankincense research involves its potential anticancer properties. While research is still in early stages, test-tube studies have shown promising results.

Mechanisms of Action

Laboratory studies suggest that boswellic acids may prevent cancer cells from spreading and could inhibit DNA formation in cancerous cells, potentially limiting cancer growth. These compounds appear to work through multiple pathways to target cancer cells while leaving healthy cells relatively unaffected.

Types of Cancer Studied

Test-tube research has indicated that frankincense may fight several types of cancer cells, including:

• Breast cancer
• Prostate cancer
• Pancreatic cancer
• Skin cancer
• Colon cancer

Reducing Cancer Treatment Side Effects

Beyond its direct anticancer potential, frankincense may help reduce side effects of cancer treatment. One study found that people being treated for brain tumors who took 4,500 mg of boswellic acid extract daily experienced reduced brain edema (fluid accumulation in the brain) and were able to lower their regular medication dosage.

It’s critical to emphasize that all of this research has been conducted in laboratory settings or as preliminary human trials. Frankincense should never be used as a replacement for conventional cancer treatment. Anyone interested in using frankincense alongside cancer treatment should consult with their oncologist first.

6 Common Myths About Frankincense

While frankincense offers several proven benefits, it’s also surrounded by numerous unverified claims. Here are six common myths that lack substantial scientific evidence:

Myth 1: Frankincense Prevents Diabetes

Some small studies have reported that frankincense may help lower blood sugar levels in people with diabetes, and research reviews have suggested it might help control diabetes. However, other studies have found no significant effect. The evidence is too limited and inconsistent to support this claim, and more rigorous research is needed.

Myth 2: Frankincense Reduces Stress, Anxiety, and Depression

While animal studies have shown that frankincense may reduce depressive and anxious behaviors and decrease stress markers in rats, no substantial human studies have confirmed these effects. The leap from animal research to human application is significant, and clinical trials are necessary before making such claims.

Myth 3: Frankincense Prevents Heart Disease

The anti-inflammatory properties of frankincense have led some to suggest it could help prevent heart disease by reducing inflammation associated with cardiovascular conditions. While some research has hinted at heart-protective effects, the evidence is far too preliminary to support this claim. Heart disease prevention requires proven interventions, and frankincense does not yet qualify.

Myth 4: Frankincense Improves Memory

Studies have shown that large doses of frankincense may boost memory in rats, but no human research has confirmed this benefit. Memory enhancement is a complex neurological process, and animal studies alone cannot predict human outcomes.

Myth 5: Frankincense Balances Hormones and Reduces Menstrual Symptoms

Frankincense is often marketed as a natural remedy to delay menopause and reduce menstrual cramping, nausea, headaches, and mood changes. While one study found that some essential oils increased estrogen levels in women’s saliva, frankincense was not among those showing this effect. There is no reliable research confirming benefits for menopause or menstrual symptoms.

Myth 6: Frankincense Enhances Fertility

Some animal studies suggest that frankincense supplements may increase fertility in rats, but virtually no human research exists in this area. Claims about fertility enhancement should be viewed with significant skepticism until proper clinical trials are conducted.

How to Use Frankincense Safely

Frankincense is available in several forms, each with specific applications and considerations.

Forms of Frankincense

Oral Supplements: Frankincense capsules and tablets are available for internal use. These are the most common forms used in clinical studies and typically contain standardized amounts of boswellic acids.

Topical Creams and Oils: Frankincense can be incorporated into creams, lotions, and carrier oils for direct application to the skin. These forms may be beneficial for joint pain and skin conditions.

Essential Oil: Frankincense essential oil is popular for aromatherapy. It should always be diluted with a carrier oil before applying to the skin and should never be ingested. The concentrated nature of essential oils requires careful handling.

Application Methods

For aromatherapy, frankincense essential oil can be diffused or inhaled directly from the bottle. For topical application, mix a few drops of essential oil with a carrier oil like coconut, jojoba, or almond oil before applying to the affected area.

Oral supplements should be taken according to package directions or healthcare provider recommendations, typically with food to improve absorption and reduce potential digestive side effects.

Effective Frankincense Dosage

The optimal dosage of frankincense varies depending on the specific condition being addressed and the form of frankincense being used. Research studies have used a wide range of doses:

• For arthritis: 169-500 mg of Boswellia extract taken 2-3 times daily
• For asthma: 200-500 mg daily, typically in divided doses
• For digestive issues: 250-350 mg taken 1-3 times daily
• For brain edema in cancer patients: Up to 4,500 mg daily (under medical supervision)

These dosages are based on research studies and should not be taken as universal recommendations. The ideal dosage for an individual depends on many factors, including body weight, health status, other medications, and the specific health goal.

Because frankincense supplements are not standardized and may contain varying amounts of active compounds, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional before starting supplementation. They can help determine an appropriate dose based on your individual circumstances.

Potential Side Effects and Safety Concerns

Frankincense is generally considered safe for most people when used appropriately. It has been used as a traditional remedy for thousands of years without widespread reports of severe side effects, and the resin has relatively low toxicity.

Common Side Effects

The most commonly reported side effects in scientific studies include:

• Indigestion
• Constipation
• Nausea
• Mild digestive upset

These effects are typically mild and may be reduced by taking frankincense with food.

Special Populations

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Some research suggests that frankincense may increase the risk of miscarriage, so pregnant women and those trying to conceive should avoid using frankincense supplements. There is insufficient safety data for breastfeeding mothers, so caution is advised.

Children: There is limited research on the safety of frankincense in children. Parents should consult with a pediatrician before giving frankincense to children.

Drug Interactions

Frankincense may interact with certain medications, including:

• Blood thinners like warfarin, potentially increasing bleeding risk
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen
• Medications metabolized by certain liver enzymes

If you’re taking any medications, discuss frankincense use with your healthcare provider before starting supplementation.

Immune System Considerations

The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety cautioned in a report that some supplements, including frankincense, might interfere with the body’s inflammatory response during certain infections. However, other research has suggested that frankincense may actually be beneficial due to its anti-inflammatory properties in specific contexts.

This conflicting information underscores the importance of consulting healthcare professionals about supplement use, especially during active illness or infection.

Toxicity Levels

Animal studies have found that doses up to 1,000 mg/kg were not toxic in rats, which is equivalent to approximately five times the typical maximum daily human dose of 1,500 mg. While this suggests a wide safety margin, more research is needed to fully understand toxic doses in humans.

Choosing Quality Frankincense Products

Not all frankincense products are created equal. Here are some factors to consider when selecting frankincense supplements or essential oils:

For Supplements:

• Look for products standardized to contain a specific percentage of boswellic acids (typically 30-65%)
• Choose products from reputable manufacturers that follow Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
• Check for third-party testing and certification
• Verify that the product clearly states the Boswellia species used
• Ensure the product has a clear expiration date

For Essential Oils:

• Select 100% pure essential oil without additives or synthetic fragrances
• Choose oils from companies that provide GC/MS (Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry) testing reports
• Look for dark glass bottles that protect the oil from light degradation
• Verify the botanical name (Boswellia carterii, Boswellia sacra, or Boswellia serrata)
• Consider organic certification if important to you

Frankincense Essential Oil for Skin Care

While frankincense essential oil is often promoted for skin care applications, including as an anti-acne and anti-wrinkle treatment, the scientific evidence is limited.

Some research has suggested potential benefits for skin health, with frankincense essential oil showing possible antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects that could theoretically benefit skin conditions. However, comprehensive clinical trials are lacking.

If using frankincense oil on the skin:

• Always dilute it properly with a carrier oil (typically 2-3 drops per tablespoon of carrier oil)
• Perform a patch test on a small area of skin first to check for sensitivity
• Avoid applying to broken or severely irritated skin
• Keep away from eyes and mucous membranes
• Discontinue use if irritation occurs

The History and Cultural Significance of Frankincense

Understanding frankincense’s historical context helps appreciate why it continues to be valued today. For thousands of years, frankincense has been one of the most prized substances in the ancient world, valued as highly as gold.

Ancient Egyptians used frankincense in religious ceremonies, cosmetics, and mummification. It was a key component of the sacred incense burned in temples. In traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurvedic practices, frankincense has been used to treat various conditions, from arthritis to digestive problems.

The resin was so valuable in ancient times that it was transported along dedicated trade routes, including the famous Incense Route. Its cultural and spiritual significance continues in many traditions today, where it’s used in religious ceremonies and meditation practices.

Frequently Asked Questions About Frankincense

What does frankincense smell like?

Frankincense has a complex, woody, spicy, and slightly sweet aroma with hints of pine and lemon. The scent is warm and resinous, often described as calming and grounding.

Can I take frankincense every day?

Many people take frankincense supplements daily for chronic conditions like arthritis. However, the safety of long-term daily use hasn’t been extensively studied. Consult with a healthcare provider about appropriate duration of use for your situation.

How long does it take for frankincense to work?

The timeline varies by condition and individual. Some people report pain relief within a few weeks, while studies on arthritis have typically shown benefits after 4-12 weeks of consistent use. Be patient and consistent with supplementation.

Can I use frankincense oil in cooking?

Frankincense essential oil should not be ingested. While frankincense resin has been used in some traditional cuisines, essential oils are highly concentrated and can be toxic when consumed. Only use frankincense supplements specifically designed for oral consumption.

Is frankincense safe for pets?

Essential oils, including frankincense, can be toxic to pets, especially cats and dogs. Even diffusing essential oils can cause respiratory irritation in pets. Consult with a veterinarian before exposing pets to frankincense in any form.

What’s the difference between different types of Boswellia?

Several Boswellia species produce frankincense, including Boswellia serrata (Indian frankincense), Boswellia sacra (Arabian frankincense), and Boswellia carterii (African frankincense). They have similar but not identical chemical compositions and may have slightly different properties. Most research has focused on Boswellia serrata.

The Future of Frankincense Research

While current research on frankincense is promising, many questions remain unanswered. Future research directions include:

• Larger, well-designed clinical trials to confirm benefits seen in smaller studies
• Research on optimal dosing for different conditions
• Studies on long-term safety and effectiveness
• Investigation of synergistic effects with other natural compounds
• Exploration of specific mechanisms of action at the molecular level
• Clinical trials on cancer treatment support (under strict medical supervision)

As research progresses, we’ll gain a clearer understanding of frankincense’s therapeutic potential and limitations. Until then, it’s important to maintain realistic expectations and use frankincense as a complementary approach rather than a primary treatment for serious health conditions.

Conclusion: The Bottom Line on Frankincense

Frankincense offers several scientifically-supported health benefits, particularly for inflammatory conditions like arthritis, digestive issues, and possibly asthma. The anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties of boswellic acids provide a biological basis for many of these effects.

However, frankincense is not a miracle cure, and many popular claims lack scientific support. The distinction between evidence-based benefits and unproven myths is crucial for making informed decisions about using frankincense.

For most people, frankincense is safe when used appropriately. The key considerations include:

• Starting with lower doses and gradually increasing
• Consulting healthcare providers, especially if taking medications or managing chronic conditions
• Avoiding use during pregnancy or when trying to conceive
• Choosing high-quality products from reputable sources
• Being patient, as benefits may take several weeks to manifest
• Using frankincense as a complement to, not replacement for, conventional medical care

Whether you’re considering frankincense for joint pain, digestive health, or general wellness, approach it with informed optimism. Respect both its potential benefits and limitations, and always prioritize safety by consulting with qualified healthcare professionals before beginning supplementation.

As research continues to uncover the mechanisms and applications of frankincense, this ancient remedy may find new roles in modern healthcare. Until then, use it wisely, choose quality products, and maintain realistic expectations about what it can and cannot do for your health.

Sources:

• National Center for Biotechnology Information – Frankincense and Diabetes
• PubMed – Boswellic Acids and Anti-inflammatory Properties
• BMC Nutrition Journal – Frankincense for Osteoarthritis
• Wiley Online Library – Boswellia Extract Clinical Study
• PMC – Frankincense for IBS
• PubMed – Frankincense and Asthma
• PMC – Frankincense and Oral Health
• BMC Translational Medicine – Frankincense Anticancer Properties
• PMC – Comprehensive Review of Boswellia
• ScienceDirect – Boswellic Acid Anti-inflammatory Compounds